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Latest additions أحدث الإضافات
Five studies from 2025–2026, with original summaries in English and Arabic, the material tested, limitations and links to the research. Each page explains whether its summary uses the abstract or full text.
خمس دراسات من 2025 و2026، بملخصات عربية وإنجليزية، مع توضيح المواد المختبرة وحدود النتائج وروابط المصادر. توضح كل صفحة إن كان الملخص مبنيًا على المستخلص أو النص الكامل.
2026 · ACS Food Science & Technology
Detection of Adulteration in Mānuka Honey with Low-Cost Honeys Using Untargeted Metabolomics and ATR-FTIR Fingerprinting: A Preliminary Study
الكشف عن غش عسل المانوكا بخلطه بأعسال أقل تكلفة باستخدام التحليل غير الموجّه للمستقلبات وبصمة ATR-FTIR: دراسة أولية
Search by title, author, topic, year, DOI or PubMed ID. Type mānuka or manuka; search words can appear in any order. Topic and evidence filters narrow the results further. يمكن البحث بالعربية في الدراسات الخمس الجديدة، مثل: الغش، الليبتوسبيرين، الرحيق، التخزين.
These records concern identity, analytical testing, marker chemistry, freshness, storage, food science or New Zealand origin. Certification and measurement are described as quality information, not medical recommendations.
Showing 24 of 44 records
AnalyticalEditorially reviewed2023 · Talanta
Authenticity, origin & quality
Identification of novel unique mānuka honey markers using high-resolution mass spectrometry-based metabolomics
Researchers used liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry, metabolomics and chemometric models to examine mānuka honey and simulated adulteration by spiking or dilution. They reported nineteen tentatively identified candidate markers and models that detected the tested adulteration…
Tested material: Mānuka honey, comparator honeys, known marker compounds and laboratory spiking or dilution preparations; no The 3 Beez product was tested.
Quality of Commercially Available Manuka Honey Expressed by Pollen Composition, Diastase Activity, and Hydroxymethylfurfural Content
Thirty in-date products sold as Manuka honey in Poland were assessed using pollen microscopy, the Phadebas diastase assay and HPLC-UV measurement of hydroxymethylfurfural. Leptospermum scoparium pollen ranged from 45% to 90%; 47% of samples fell below the paper's cited 70% pollen criterion, and s…
Tested material: Thirty in-date commercial honey samples labelled as Manuka honey and sold on the Polish market; no The 3 Beez product was tested.
Plant / ecologyEditorially reviewed2024 · New Phytologist
Mānuka plant, bees & New Zealand origin
A phosphatase gene is linked to nectar dihydroxyacetone accumulation in mānuka (Leptospermum scoparium)
Researchers compared high- and low-DHA mānuka material using RNA sequencing, an improved genome assembly, a high-density linkage map and QTL analysis. Gene expression and mapping both implicated LsSgpp2, while three QTL regions supported a polygenic contribution to nectar dihydroxyacetone accumul…
Tested material: Mānuka nectar and plant genotypes with high or low DHA, genome and transcriptome material, and a segregating mapping population; no finished The 3 Beez honey was tested.
National-scale mapping of potential floral resources for honeybees and native pollinators in New Zealand
The study combined New Zealand land-cover and environmental maps with a large vegetation-plot dataset to estimate the location and monthly timing of floral resources. Indigenous cover, especially public conservation land, dominated modeled resources, and historical forest clearance was estimated …
Tested material: New Zealand land-cover and environmental datasets, vegetation plots, species abundance and phenology information, and modeled nectar, pollen and honeydew resources; no retail honey was tested.
Plant / ecologyEditorially reviewed2021 · New Phytologist
Mānuka plant, bees & New Zealand origin
Nectary photosynthesis contributes to the production of mānuka (Leptospermum scoparium) floral nectar
Experiments on attached and excised mānuka flowers measured gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence while varying flower age, temperature, light, sucrose and metabolic inhibitors, with additional 13CO₂ labeling. The results supported a measurable contribution from nectary photosynthesis, estima…
Tested material: Attached and excised flowers of clonally propagated Leptospermum scoparium cultivar Martinii, nectar and metabolic-inhibitor or isotope-labeling preparations; no retail honey was tested.
Physiological stage drives fungal community dynamics and diversity in Leptospermum scoparium (mānuka) flowers
Internal transcribed spacer 1 profiling followed flower-inhabiting fungal communities through five mānuka floral stages, from immature bud to spent flower, and into seed. Candidate core taxa persisted despite high turnover, while community composition and diversity changed as flowers matured and …
Tested material: Mānuka floral samples spanning five physiological stages plus seed samples, profiled for fungal ITS1 communities; no retail honey was tested.
AnalyticalCommercial-safe · review pending2009 · Carbohydrate Research
UMF, MGO, markers & bioactive chemistry
The origin of methylglyoxal in New Zealand manuka (Leptospermum scoparium) honey
Freshly produced Manuka honey contained high dihydroxyacetone and little methylglyoxal, whereas storage at 37 degrees Celsius decreased dihydroxyacetone while increasing methylglyoxal. Manuka flower nectar contained dihydroxyacetone but no detectable methylglyoxal, and dihydroxyacetone added to c…
Tested material: Mānuka honey, nectar, model-honey or analytical reference samples described by the publication.
AnalyticalCommercial-safe · review pending2012 · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
UMF, MGO, markers & bioactive chemistry
Classification and characterization of manuka honeys based on phenolic compounds and methylglyoxal
The study compared Manuka honeys with other unifloral honeys using solid-phase extraction and UPLC-PDA-MS/MS, identifying substantial chemical heterogeneity among Manuka samples. Several phenolic acids, norisoprenoids, furans, leptosin, and related compounds distinguished the tested Manuka profil…
Tested material: Mānuka, kānuka and comparator honey samples or analytical standards described by the publication.
AnalyticalCommercial-safe · review pending2014 · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
Authenticity, origin & quality
Differentiation of manuka honey from kanuka honey and from jelly bush honey using HS-SPME-GC/MS and UHPLC-PDA-MS/MS
Pollen-matched Manuka and kānuka honeys and an Australian jelly-bush honey were analyzed for nonvolatile compounds by UHPLC-PDA-MS/MS and volatiles by HS-SPME-GC/MS. Combined profiles of leptosin, phenolic-related compounds, furans, acetophenones, and other volatiles clearly separated the tested …
Tested material: Mānuka, kānuka and comparator honey samples or analytical standards described by the publication.
Laboratory / in vitroCommercial-safe · review pending2015 · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
Mānuka plant, bees & New Zealand origin
Identification and Quantitation of 2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline in Manuka Honey (Leptospermum scoparium)
GC-MS identified and quantified 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline in 11 commercial Manuka honeys at 0.08–0.45 mg/kg, with higher concentrations in samples containing more than 250 mg/kg MGO. Adding MGO to multifloral honey increased 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline and hydroxymethylfurfural during 12 weeks at 37 degrees …
Tested material: Mānuka honey, nectar, model-honey or analytical reference samples described by the publication.
Leptosperin is a distinct and detectable fluorophore in Leptospermum honeys
Purified and synthetic leptosperin reproduced Manuka honey's MM1 fluorescence signature, and adding it to artificial or clover honey generated the same spectral feature. Leptosperin was stable during prolonged storage at 37 degrees Celsius but experienced matrix quenching and was also present in …
Tested material: Mānuka, kānuka and comparator honey samples or analytical standards described by the publication.
Combination of 1H NMR and chemometrics to discriminate manuka honey from other floral honey types from Oceania
The authors profiled 264 New Zealand and Australian honeys using proton NMR and chemometrics, simultaneously characterizing methylglyoxal, dihydroxyacetone, and leptosperin. Combining these markers enabled discrimination from other floral types and a model estimating the proportion of Manuka in a…
Tested material: Mānuka, kānuka and comparator honey samples or analytical standards described by the publication.
AnalyticalCommercial-safe · review pending2018 · npj Science of Food
Authenticity, origin & quality
Using chemical and DNA marker analysis to authenticate a high-value food, manuka honey
The study measured nectar-derived chemicals and pollen-derived Manuka and kānuka DNA across authenticated honeys, nectars, and botanical comparators. Classification modelling selected complementary markers that consistently separated New Zealand monofloral and multifloral Manuka categories from r…
Tested material: Mānuka, kānuka and comparator honey samples or analytical standards described by the publication.
Laboratory / in vitroCommercial-safe · review pending2020 · ACS Omega
Mānuka plant, bees & New Zealand origin
Utility of the Leptospermum scoparium Compound Lepteridine as a Chemical Marker for Manuka Honey Authenticity
An isotopically labeled lepteridine standard was synthesized and used in an LC-MS/MS assay whose measurements correlated strongly with HPLC-UV and fluorescence results in 27 honeys. A derived threshold and fluorescence signal separated tested Manuka from non-Manuka commercial samples with perform…
Tested material: Mānuka, kānuka and comparator honey samples or analytical standards described by the publication.
Methylglyoxal binds to amines in honey matrix and 2'-methoxyacetophenone is released in gaseous form into the headspace on the heating of manuka honey
The study tracked nine characteristic Manuka-honey chemicals during heating and found significant losses of methylglyoxal and 2'-methoxyacetophenone at 90 degrees Celsius. Model-honey experiments indicated that methylglyoxal reacts with proline, lysine, and arginine derivatives, whereas 2'-methox…
Tested material: Mānuka honey, nectar, model-honey or analytical reference samples described by the publication.
Laboratory / in vitroCommercial-safe · review pending2021 · Foods
Mānuka plant, bees & New Zealand origin
Chemical Elements and the Quality of Mānuka (Leptospermum scoparium) Honey
Researchers analyzed soils, Mānuka plants, and fresh honeys from five Wairarapa sites for elemental composition, MGO, and DHA. Honey MGO was negatively correlated with several elements, while site-level soil nitrate was negatively associated with honey MGO and DHA, suggesting environmental fertil…
Tested material: Mānuka plant, soil, nectar or fresh-honey samples described by the publication.
The rapid evaporative ionisation mass spectrometry metabolite fingerprint of Leptospermum honey is strongly associated with geographic origin
The study measured 34 New Zealand and 35 Australian retail honeys labelled mānuka, manuka or tea tree using laser-assisted rapid evaporative ionisation mass spectrometry in positive and negative ionisation modes. Country of origin was strongly reflected in the measured fingerprints, and more than…
Tested material: Thirty-four New Zealand and thirty-five Australian retail Leptospermum honeys labelled mānuka, manuka or tea tree; no The 3 Beez product was tested.
Quantification of methyl glyoxal in New Zealand Mānuka honey and honey meads
Researchers developed and validated an HPLC method for measuring methyl glyoxal in mānuka honey and honey-mead matrices, comparing two derivatization approaches. The o-phenylenediamine method was more sensitive in mead, and four commercial mānuka meads contained detectable methyl glyoxal, three a…
Tested material: New Zealand mānuka honey, laboratory mead matrices and commercially available New Zealand mānuka meads; no The 3 Beez product was tested.
Accelerated loss of diastase in mānuka honey: Investigation of mānuka specific compounds
The study monitored diastase activity in mānuka honey stored at 20 and 27 °C and in clover honey spiked with six mānuka-associated compounds and stored at 20, 27 and 34 °C. Methylglyoxal and 3-phenyllactic acid accelerated diastase loss beyond the effects attributed to storage time and temperature.
Tested material: Mānuka honey stored at controlled temperatures and clover honey spiked with six mānuka-associated reference compounds; no The 3 Beez product was tested.
Official guidanceOfficial source · review pending2023 · New Zealand Ministry for Primary Industries
Authenticity, origin & quality
No change to mānuka honey definition
This is guidance or reference material from the issuing organisation. Consult the original source for its scope and supporting information. This entry is not presented as a clinical trial or a test of The 3 Beez products.
Official guidanceOfficial source · review pending2018 · New Zealand Ministry for Primary Industries
Authenticity, origin & quality
Mānuka honey definition research published in international science journal
This is guidance or reference material from the issuing organisation. Consult the original source for its scope and supporting information. This entry is not presented as a clinical trial or a test of The 3 Beez products.
Issuing organisation: New Zealand Ministry for Primary Industries
Official guidanceOfficial source · review pending2024 · New Zealand Ministry for Primary Industries
Authenticity, origin & quality
Animal Products Notice: General Export Requirements for Bee Products 2024
This is guidance or reference material from the issuing organisation. Consult the original source for its scope and supporting information. This entry is not presented as a clinical trial or a test of The 3 Beez products.
Issuing organisation: New Zealand Ministry for Primary Industries
This is guidance or reference material from the issuing organisation. Consult the original source for its scope and supporting information. This entry is not presented as a clinical trial or a test of The 3 Beez products.
Issuing organisation: Unique Mānuka Factor Honey Association
Official guidanceOfficial source · review pending2025 · New Zealand Ministry for Primary Industries
Authenticity, origin & quality
Ensuring mānuka honey is authentic
This is guidance or reference material from the issuing organisation. Consult the original source for its scope and supporting information. This entry is not presented as a clinical trial or a test of The 3 Beez products.
Issuing organisation: New Zealand Ministry for Primary Industries
Found a record? Use these four steps to read its source and context. The field names below match the labels on our study pages. Official guidance is not an experimental study, so some questions will not apply.
Step 1
Start with the original source
Open Scientific reference, or Official source for guidance records. Match the title, authors or issuing organisation, and date. An abstract is a short overview, not the complete paper; look for the full methods and results.
Step 2
Identify what was actually tested
Read Study design and Tested material together. A laboratory experiment, a human study and a review are different kinds of evidence. Check the sample or preparation and the setting before applying a finding to a different question.
Step 3
Read the result alongside its limits
Use Reported result, Limitations and Funding & conflicts together. For archive records, Result handling directs you to the publication. Missing details in our record do not mean the original paper has none. Compare conclusions with other research, not one paper alone.
Step 4
Check applicability, not just the headline
Read Applicability guardrail and Editorial record. A listing is not product endorsement, and research is not a batch certificate. Do not assume The 3 Beez honey was tested unless the original publication identifies it. Keep conclusions within the study’s actual scope.
شرح خطوات قراءة الدراسة بالعربية
أبقينا أسماء الحقول بالإنجليزية لتسهيل العثور عليها في صفحة الدراسة. الإرشادات الرسمية ليست تجارب علمية، لذلك قد لا تنطبق عليها كل الأسئلة.
١. ابدأ بالمصدر الأصلي
افتح Scientific reference، أو Official source للسجلات الإرشادية. طابق العنوان والمؤلفين أو الجهة المصدرة والتاريخ. الملخّص عرض قصير وليس البحث الكامل؛ ابحث عن تفاصيل المنهج والنتائج.
٢. حدّد ما الذي اختُبر فعلاً
اقرأ Study design وTested material معاً. التجربة المخبرية والدراسة البشرية والمراجعة البحثية أنواع مختلفة من الأدلة. تحقّق من العينة أو المستحضر وظروف الاختبار قبل تعميم النتيجة على سؤال مختلف.
٣. اقرأ النتيجة مع حدودها
راجع Reported result وLimitations وFunding & conflicts معاً. في الأرشيف، يوجّهك Result handling إلى البحث الأصلي. غياب التفاصيل من سجلنا لا يعني غيابها من البحث. قارن الاستنتاجات بأبحاث أخرى، ولا تعتمد على ورقة واحدة.
٤. تحقّق من نطاق النتيجة، لا العنوان فقط
اقرأ Applicability guardrail وEditorial record. إدراج البحث لا يعني توصية بمنتج، والبحث ليس شهادة دفعة. لا تفترض أن عسل The 3 Beez اختُبر إلا إذا ذكره المصدر الأصلي. التزم بنطاق الدراسة الفعلي.
روابط المصادر التعليمية أدناه بالإنجليزية. هذا الدليل لا يغيّر حالة المراجعة أو الفهرسة لأي سجل.
Further reading: abstracts, methods and conclusions
Primary DOI or PubMed metadata is the source of bibliographic facts. Records identify study design, tested material, result, limitations, funding/conflicts when transcribed, and whether a retail product was tested. Negative, null and inconclusive findings are not excluded because of outcome.
Automation may assist formatting, deduplication and quality checks, but it is not treated as a source. A record remains noindex until its citations, claims and editorial status pass the documented review gate. Dates change only after a material review.